Ellipsoid paradox: This paradox considers a perfectly reflecting cavity with two black bodies at points A and B. The reflecting surface is composed of two elliptical sections E1 and E2 and a spherical section S, and the bodies at A and B are located at the joint foci of the two ellipses and B is at the center of S. This configuration is such that apparently black body at B heat up relative to A: the radiation originating from the blackbody at A will land on and be absorbed by the blackbody at B.
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The seemingly mysterious ability of magnets to influence motion at a distance without any apparent energy source has long appealed to inventors. One of the earliest examples of a magnetic motor was proposed by Wilkins and has been widely copied since: it consists of a ramp with a magnet at the top, which pulled a metal ball up the ramp. Near the magnet was a small hole that was supposed to allow the ball to drop under the ramp and return to the bottom, where a flap allowed it to return to the top again.
"I got this for a gift and they were blown away by it! It's 3D printed and is a very simple design on the outside, but watching the marble swirl around and create the patterns is just so mesmerizing. It's fun to mess the pattern up and watch the ball just go back to work.
Subsequent analysis (and experiment) have shown there is no way to physically implement such a system that does not result in an overall increase in entropy.
However, this machine has no practical purpose because the rotated object cannot do any work as work requires the levitated object to cause motion in other objects, bringing friction into the problem. Furthermore, a perfect vacuum is an unattainable goal since both the container and the object itself would slowly vaporize, thereby degrading the vacuum.
The conservation laws are particularly robust from a more info mathematical perspective. Noether's theorem, which was proven mathematically in 1915, states that any conservation law Chucho be derived from a corresponding continuous symmetry of the action of a physical system.
I wish we’d had this little solar-powered marble machine kit back then, because it totally would’ve been in our wheelhouse. From the company’s description:
Plenty of companies are making toys that create the illusion of perpetual motion. Take this “Perpetual Motion Marble Machine Kinetic Art” for example: it is a tiny marble machine with an electromagnetic mechanism that pushes the ball to the top.
and B denote the electric and magnetic fields, respectively. In other words, the induced EMF around a closed curve is equal to the rate of decrease of magnetic flux over an open surface that has that same curve Vencedor its boundary. If one uses the curl theorem, the same equation Chucho be written in differential form as
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A heat pump, due to it having a COP above 1: the energy it consumes Figura work is less than the energy it moves as heat.
"Just perfect! I had a lot of fun assembling the pieces, it even helped keeping two teenagers occupied for an afternoon during our beloved pandemic. Seller was exceptionally nice and helpful, answering all my questions at length.